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58彩票2023-01-31 16:05

58彩票

中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

  中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

  资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

  由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

  麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

  一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

  此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

  作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。

  美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

  这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。

  从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

  两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

  (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

  The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

  Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

  On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

  On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

  Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

  As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

  But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

  CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

  This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

  Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

  From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

  Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

  The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

巨额军火订单是美国的“战果”欧洲的“苦果”(观象台)******

  据美国《外交政策》杂志日前报道,美国国防部国防安全局的一份数据报告显示,2022年,由于北约成员国因俄乌局势大量储备武器,美国批准向北约盟友出售的武器数量和价格较2021年几乎翻了一倍,主要军售增加到24项,价值约280亿美元,其中包括对未来北约成员国芬兰出售价值12.4亿美元的武器。

  来自欧洲盟友的军火订单纷至沓来,美国军火商赚得盆满钵满。据外媒报道,美国军工企业的利润在2022年创下纪录,多家企业股价在年底都达到或接近历史最高点。过去12个月,美国大型军工企业诺思罗普·格鲁曼公司、洛克希德·马丁公司和雷神技术公司的股票分别上涨了40%、37%和17%。

  当美国军工复合体“开香槟庆祝”的同时,大西洋对岸的欧洲正吞下难咽的苦果——

  巨额军费开支进一步增加了欧洲各国的财政负担,扰乱其经济复苏进程。为了满足美国和北约定下的国防支出占比达到国内生产总值2%的“硬指标”,许多欧洲国家被迫在通胀高企、财政困难的条件下增加军费,而其中相当一部分将被用来采购美国军火。德国议会已批准国防部花费100亿欧元采购洛克希德·马丁公司制造的F—35战斗机,瑞士、英国、波兰等也已签下购买该型号战斗机的高额订单。2022年以来,美国国务院批准对爱沙尼亚、挪威、芬兰等多个欧洲国家进行军售。“欧盟观察家”网站不无讽刺地指出,原本可以投资于社会服务等领域的巨额资金被用于研发和采购武器。然而,“将欧洲的安全建立在军工企业及其投资者基于利润的梦想之上,只会助长未来的战争并加剧人类的苦难”。

  美国通过北约将陷入安全焦虑的欧洲拉上自己的“战车”,使欧洲战略自主进程受到重大打击。近年来,欧盟主张提高战略自主的呼声一直很高。乌克兰危机以来,美国加强了对欧洲在外交、军事、能源供应等多领域的捆绑,欧洲争取战略自主的行动力大大受限。依靠对欧高额军售,美国一边承诺以北约实现对欧洲集体安全的保护,强化对欧洲的控制;一边极力渲染所谓“竞争对手”威胁,挑唆俄欧矛盾,在欧洲制造分裂与对抗,并进一步遏制俄罗斯。说到底,美国就是要实现自己打压俄罗斯、牵制欧洲、喂饱军工集团的多重私利。英国iNews网站的文章直言,美国已经将乌克兰危机变成了“代理人战争”——一场可以在没有任何美军伤亡的情况下进行的战争,美国趁机巧取豪夺,掏空欧洲。

  美国持续给乌克兰危机火上浇油,使欧洲安全雪上加霜。时至今日,俄乌紧张局势尚未缓解,外溢风险持续显现,欧洲面临着能源危机、粮食短缺、难民增多、经济滞胀等多重挑战,传统安全和非传统安全威胁叠加交织。然而,美国却以“大国战略威胁”“化解地区危机”等为借口,持续扩充武器出口订单,搅动欧洲安全局势。美国军工集团眼中只有利益:“大炮一响、黄金万两”。美国国防工业承包商通用动力公司董事长诺瓦科维奇甚至露骨表态:“2022年是一个非常好的开端,虽然对人类而言,世界已变得越来越危险,但我们已看到需求稳定的良好信号。”

  于欧洲而言,真正的安全来自均衡、有效、可持续的地区安全构架,而非加入美国为一己私利拉起的对抗阵营。能否以清醒的判断和强大的凝聚力重回“战略自主”的轨道,是摆在欧洲面前的一道必答题。(李嘉宝)

  《 人民日报海外版 》( 2023年01月12日 第 06 版)

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