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58彩票2023-01-31 16:05

58彩票

构建新时代海洋命运共同体******

  作者:王胜(海南省中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心特约研究员,中国南海研究院党组书记、院长)

  党的二十大报告提出“促进世界和平与发展,推动构建人类命运共同体”,并将“推动构建人类命运共同体”作为中国式现代化的本质要求之一。海洋命运共同体是人类命运共同体理念的丰富和发展,是人类命运共同体理念在海洋领域的具体实践。当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局,全球海洋治理形势亦面临巨大挑战。海上霸权主义不时显现、海洋环境污染负面效应不断溢出、小岛屿经济体因气候变化、海洋污染等影响面临着严重的生存和发展困境,这些海洋治理领域的挑战亟需新的治理理念、理论和方法。“海洋命运共同体”这一重要思想,为全球海洋治理指明了新的方向。

  构建新时代海洋命运共同体,要深刻领悟其精髓要义。海洋命运共同体思想与人类命运共同体思想一脉相承,是人类命运共同体理念在海洋领域的具体实践和全新拓展。从政治上来看,海洋命运共同体致力于构建全球海洋和平环境,促进国际海洋秩序的公平正义。从经济上来看,海洋命运共同体旨在实现全球海洋可持续发展和实现共同繁荣;从安全上来看,海洋命运共同体理念倡导树立共同、综合、合作、可持续的新安全观,反对海上霸权主义,走互利共赢的海上安全之路,合力维护海洋和平安宁。从文化上来看,海洋命运共同体理念主张文化交流互鉴与开放包容。从生态环保上来看,海洋命运共体主张保护海洋生态环境,有序开发利用海洋资源,实现海洋的绿色、低碳和永续发展。海洋命运共同体思想搭建起了中国参与全球海洋治理的“四梁八柱”,构建了政治、经济、安全、文化、生态等“多位一体”的理论体系,深刻展现了中国和合思维,是“天下大同、亲仁善邻、爱好和平、互利共赢”等传统文化精髓在当代全球海洋治理领域的具体呈现。

  构建新时代海洋命运共同体,要坚决反对错误思维。一是要反对全球海洋霸权主义思维。15世纪末的全球地理大发现,使人类前所未有地通过海洋联系成了一个整体,覆盖地球表面71%面积的海洋自此成为强权争霸的重要舞台之一。海洋霸权国家轮番登场,纷纷试图构建以自身实力和单边利益为基础的海上安全、海上贸易秩序,“落后”国家的被侵略、征服、残杀、掠夺和奴役贯穿其中,甚至多次将人类置于战争的阴霾。

  二是反对海洋零和博弈思维。海洋足够宽广,容得下所有国家的发展,海洋不是“你输我赢”的零和博弈舞台,部分国家秉持冷战思维,在海洋安全领域建立排他性安全同盟,只能恶化全球海洋安全形势。

  三是反对“公地”思维。海洋资源丰富、蕴藏巨大发展能量,但海洋不是一片可以无限攫取的“公地”,全人类应该携手努力解决海洋环境污染、渔业过度捕捞、海洋生物多样性受损等“悲剧”。四是反对“搭便车”思维。海洋是全人类的共同财富,没有国家可以独善其身,每个国家都应承担与其权利和利益相匹配的责任,共同担负起全球海洋可持续发展的责任。

  构建新时代海洋命运共同体,要持续加强国际合作。一是要和全球重大海洋倡议进行对接。联合国2030可持续发展议程制定了“保护和可持续利用海洋和海洋资源以促进可持续发展”的目标,海洋命运共同体理念与其深度契合,相互补充,相辅相成,中国推动构建新时代海洋命运共体就是要在以联合国为核心的多边主义框架下与全球海洋倡议协同增效,共同发展。

  二是要积极打造面向全球的蓝色伙伴关系。把发展蓝色伙伴关系培育成中国与全球海洋国家关系的新增长极。

  三是积极在21世纪海上丝绸之路框架下加强与海洋国家的“五通”建设,秉持“共商、共建、共享”原则,奉行“己欲立而立人、己欲达而达人”的理念实现休戚与共的发展。

  构建新时代海洋命运共同体,要推动实现共同繁荣发展。海洋资源的开发与利用日益成为人类新的“蓝海”领域,海上新能源的开发与利用、海工装备的研发与运用、海洋生态环境的修复、“蓝碳”领域的市场技术和人才合作、海上互联互通建设正日益成为全球海洋国家实现发展的重要途径,推动具体领域的务实合作,成为构建海洋命运共同体的必由之路。

  作为人类命运共同体的拓展与实践,海洋命运共同体蕴含了丰富的理论和实践价值,能够指引人类化解当前全球海洋治理面临的一系列挑战与困境。在后疫情时代,全球海洋国家更加期盼构建公平正义的海洋安全秩序,更加追求实现绿色、低碳和可持续的共同繁荣发展,更加坚定奉行走合作共赢的海上安全之路,更加笃定全球海洋文化的开放包容,更加注重保护海洋生态环境。海洋命运共同体理念必将引领人类迈向更加美好的未来。

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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